Prehistory is a quite dark period for Euboea and its neighbouring island of Skyros. Surface finds have recorded the existence of human activity in the area of South Artaki already in the Paleolithic Age. Research concerning the Middle Bronze and Neolithic Age has recently started. However, we should point out that a specific characteristic of Euboea does not facilitate its assignment as part of the Aegean (Cycladic) civilization of the Middle Helladic sphere: this “feature” is the position of the island between two systems of cultural influence each complementing the other that results in a broad synthesis of various characteristics in every aspect of the island’s life.