Archaeologists from the Dubrovnik Museums recently uncovered a wealth of archaeological artifacts in Crno Jezero Cave, situated above Ponikav on the Pelješac peninsula. The findings reveal that the cave was in continuous use over the past four millennia—serving as a sanctuary in Illyrian times, a necropolis, and even a seasonal dwelling.

Located beneath a prehistoric stone mound on Ilin Hill, the cave stretches 238 meters in length and plunges to depths of 94 meters. Its prime position made it a focal point for local communities throughout history. During recent excavations—conducted in late May and early June 2025—researchers opened two trenches covering roughly 6 sq.m., unearthing numerous valuable items.

Evidence shows that in the Bronze Age (2nd millennium BCE) the cave was used primarily as a shelter, possibly during conflicts, inclement weather, or as a temporary home. From the late Bronze to early Iron Age (circa 9th–6th centuries BCE), parts of the cave became a necropolis. Human remains—especially skull fragments—were found interred within stone layers.

The peak period of use occurred in the final centuries of the first millennium BCE, when Illyrian communities made Crno Jezero Cave a sacred site. Excavators found many tiny vessels—some Greek, others local—that were likely left as votive offerings during rituals. The discovery also included fragments of fine Greek pottery, such as amphorae and drinking cups, which held ceremonial value tied to wealth and status rather than everyday consumption. A fragmentary clay head representing a deity—identified by its curly hair—is also typical of Illyrian-Greek cult sites.

The cave’s latest known use dates to the late Middle Ages (13th century CE). For reasons still unknown, one or more individuals were placed or entombed deep within the less accessible areas of the cave. Radiocarbon dating confirms these remains are medieval in origin, although it remains unclear whether they were ritual burials or accident victims.

Although the excavation was modest in size, these discoveries significantly enhance our understanding of Pelješac’s long-term occupation, spiritual practices, and daily life through the ages.