Today Macedonia belongs to those particularly rich regions in anthropological and archaeological finds of the Palaeolithic age, which however are still unexploited. Western Macedonia, where the research of the English expedition under E.S. Higgs was originally focused in the 1960s, has produced interesting finds, such as a hand-axe, probably of the Early Palaeolithic era, a bifacial leaf-shaped spike and another one of the Levallois technique from the Middle Palaeolithic era. All three finds come from Palaiokastro. Grevena. In central Macedonia and specifically in the Chalkidiki peninsula lies the well-known Petralona cave, where a human ossified skull was discovered, probably at least 250.000 years old . In spite of the particular interest of this find, it is difficult today to fully support the argument that the cave was inhabited by humans, because the cultural remains have not yet been located and studied. Eastern Macedonia came late to the fore of Paleolithic research. A preliminary survey research was held there in 1989-1990 and a short excavation was carried out recently in the Maara cave, Drama. The habitation in Maara is assigned to the Middle Palaeolithic era.