The famous Petralona cave was discovered and first explored in 1959. Nine years later, in 1968, Aris Poulianos conducted the first excavation of the cave that was carried out according to modern excavational methodology. The conclusions thus drawn have led to a revision of the paleoanthropological theories as regards not only the appearance of the first Europeans but also to the evolution of Man during the Lower -Middle Pleistocene period, thai is 700,000 years ago, approximately. The analysis of the “bioskaligraphical” data of the Petralona cave, compared to similar excavations in Euroasia, verifies the aforementioned conclusions, which enrich our knowledge of the paleoecological changes, that have affected the paleoanthropological cultural evolution, with new and accurate information.