32-year-old Sterling Nesbitt has been responsible for naming more than half a dozen reptiles (including dinosaurs) in his young career.
His latest addition to the paleontological vernacular is Nundasuchus (noon-dah-suh-kis) a 9-feet-long carnivorous reptile with steak knife like teeth, bony plates on the back, and legs that lie under the body.
Nesbitt is an assistant professor of geological sciences in the College of Science and the newest addition to Virginia Tech’s paleontology team.
His newest discovery, Nundasuchus, is not a dinosaur, but one of the large reptiles that lived before dinosaurs took over the world.
“The full name is actually Nundasuchus songeaensis,” Nesbitt explained. “It’s Swahili mixed with Greek.”
The basic meaning of Nundasuchus, is “predator crocodile,” “Nunda” meaning predator in Swahili, and “suchus” a reference to a crocodile in Greek.
“The ‘songeaensis‘ comes from the town, Songea, near where we found the bones,” Nesbitt said. “The reptile itself was heavy-bodied with limbs under its body like a dinosaur, or bird, but with bony plates on its back like a crocodilian.”
The new, albeit ancient, reptile, is featured online in the Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology.
Piecing the bones together
“We discovered the partial skeleton in 2007 when I was a graduate student, but it took some years to piece the bones together as they were in thousands of pieces,” Nesbitt said.
Although a large number of skeleton bones were found, most of the skull was not recovered despite three trips to the site and more than 1,000 hours spent painstakingly piecing the bones back together and cleaning them.
Nundasuchus was found in southwestern Tanzania, while Nesbitt and a team of researchers were looking for prehistoric relatives of birds and crocodiles, but not really expecting to find something entirely new.
“There’s such a huge gap in our understanding around the time when the the common ancestor of birds and crocodilians was alive – there isn’t a lot out there in the fossil record from that part of the reptile family tree,” Nesbitt said. “This helps us fill in some gaps in reptile family tree, but we’re still studying it and figuring out the implications.”
The find itself was a bit of a “eureka moment” for the team. Nesbitt said he realized very quickly what he had found.
“Sometimes you know instantly if it’s new and within about 30 seconds of picking up this bone I knew it was a new species,” he said. “I had hoped to find a leg bone to identify it, and I thought, ‘This is exactly why we’re here’ and I looked down and there were bones everywhere. It turns out I was standing on bones that had been weathering out of the rock for hundreds of years – and it was all one individual of a new species.”
Nesbitt says he has been very lucky to put himself in the right position for finding bones, but it also takes a lot of work doing research on what has been found in various locations through previous research; what type of animals were known to inhabit certain areas; and research into the geological maps of areas to determine the most likely places to find fossils.
Nesbitt has been involved in naming 17 different reptiles, dinosaurs, and dinosaur relatives in the last 10 years, including seven of which he discovered.
Nesbitt is also known for his rediscovery of the archosaur Effigia okeeffeae that had remained unrecognized, encased in a plaster block at the American Museum of Natural History since its collection in the 1940s. This specimen was not described as a new species until recognized and prepared by Nesbitt in 2006.
Nesbitt appears in the 2007 IMAX movie Dinosaurs Alive! and the re-worked 2008 version of Walking With Dinosaurs on the Discovery Channel.